Alabama’s new law prohibiting smoking and vaping while inside a vehicle with a child is now in effect.

The bill, passed by the Alabama Legislature in April, bans smoking or vaping in a vehicle that is carrying passengers 14 years old or younger. Violators of the law face a fine of up to $100 but it is considered a secondary violation, meaning police will only issue a citation if they’ve stopped the vehicle for another reason, like speeding.

The prohibition on smoking applies even if the vehicle’s windows are rolled down and whether if it’s in motion, at rest or turned off.

Proponents of the law said it will protect children from the hazards of second-hand smoke. According to the Alabama Department of Public Health, second-hand smoke can contribute to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, or SIDS, respiratory and ear infections, and asthma attacks.

Children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are also at risk for pneumonia and bronchitis, wheezing, coughing and shortness of breath, middle ear disease, ear infections and slowed lung growth.

The bill officially went into effect Aug. 1.